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FLUKE-80/81
FLUKE-396/397
Date:2014-04-11

FLUKE-280 Series

74

Arbitrary Waveforms

Waveforms

Maximum waveform size is 65,536 points; minimum waveform size is 4 points. Up to 100 user defined waveforms may be stored in the 256 K point nonvolatile RAM. Waveforms can be defined by front panel editing controls or by downloading of waveform data via RS-232 or GPIB.

Waveform memory

64 k points per channel

Vertical resolution

12 bits

Sample clock

100 mHz to 40 MHz

Resolution

4 digits

Accuracy

± 1 digit of setting

Sequencing

Up to 16 waveforms may be linked. Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32,768. A sequence of waveforms can be looped up to 1,048,575 times or run continuously.

Output filter

Selectable between 16 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Bessel or none

Standard Waveforms

All Waveforms

Accuracy

10 ppm for 1 year

Temp. stability

Typically < 1 ppm/ºC.

Output level

2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 Ω

Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine

Range

0.1 mHz to 16 MHz

Resolution

0.1 mHz or 7 digits

Harmonic distortion

< 0.1 % THD to 100 kHz;

< –65 dBc to 20 kHz,

< –50 dBc to 300 kHz,

< –35 dBc to 10 MHz

< –30 dBc to 16 MHz

Nonharmonic spurii

< –65 dBc to 1 MHz,

< –65 dBc + 6 dB/octave 1 MHz to 16 MHz

Square

Range

1 mHz to 16 MHz

Resolution

1 mHz (4 digits)

Accuracy

± 1 digit of setting

Rise/fall times

< 25 ns

Pulse and Pulse Train

Rise/fall times

< 25 ns

Period range

100 ns to 100 s

Period resolution

4 digit

Accuracy

± 1 digit of setting

Delay range

–99.99 s to + 99.99 s

Delay resolution

0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater

Width range

25 ns to 99.99 s

Width resolution

0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater

Triangle

Range

0.1 mHz to 100 kHz

Resolution

0.1 mHz or 7 digits

Linearity error

< 0.1 % to 30 kHz

 

Ramps and Sin(x)/x

Range

0.1 mHz to 100 kHz

Resolution

0.1 mHz (7 digits)

Linearity error

0.1 % to 30 kHz

Note: The pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period at any time. Repetition rate is set by the pulse train period.

Operating Modes

Operating Modes

Continuous

Waveform runs continuously

Triggered Burst

Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform

Carrier waveforms

All standard and arbitrary

Max. Carrier Frequency

40 Msamples/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform.

Number of cycles

1 to 1,048,575

Trigger repetition

0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external

Trigger signal source

Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote interface.

Trigger start/stop phase

± 360 ° settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type

Gated

Waveform will run while the Gate signal is true and stop while false

Carrier waveforms

All standard and arbitrary

Max. carrier frequency

40 Msamples/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform.

Number of cycles

1 to 1,048,575

Trigger repetition

0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external

Gate signal source

Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote interface.

Gate start/stop phase

± 360 ° settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type

Sweep

Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to perform the sweep.

Carrier waveforms

All standard and arbitrary except pulse, pulse train and sequence

Sweep mode

Linear or logarithmic, triggered or continuous

Sweep direction

Up, down, up/down or down/up

Sweep range

From 1 mHz to 16 MHz in one range. Phase continuous. Independent setting of the start and stop frequency.

Sweep time

30 ms to 999 s

Marker

Variable during sweep

Sweep trigger source

The sweep may be free run or triggered from the following sources: Manually from keyboard. Externally from TRIG IN input or remote interface.

Sweep hold

Sweep can be held and restarted by the HOLD key

Multi channel sweep

Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously but the sweep parameters will be the same for all channels. Amplitude, Offset and Waveform can be set independently for each channel.

Tone Switching

Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to allow instantaneous frequency switching.

Carrier waveforms

All except pulse, pulse train and sequence

Frequency list

Up to 16 frequencies from 1 mHz to 10 MHz

Trigger repetition rate

0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal. DC to 1 MHz external. Usable repetition rate and waveform frequency depend on the tone switching mode.

Source

Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote interface.

Tone switching modes

Gated

The tone is output while the trigger signal is true and stopped, at the end of the current waveform cycle, while the trigger signal is false. The next tone is output when the trigger signal is true again.

Triggered

The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, at the end of the current waveform cycle, when the trigger signal goes true again.

FSK

The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, immediately, when the trigger signal goes true again. Using 2 channels with their outputs summed together it is possible to generate DTMF test signals.

Trigger Generator

Internal source 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz square wave adjustable in 10 us steps. 3-digit resolution. Available for external use from any SYNCOUT socket.

Outputs

Main Outputs – One for each channel

Output impedance

50 Ω

Amplitude

5 mV to 20 Vpp open circuit (2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 Ω). Amplitude can be specified open circuit (hi Z) or into an assumed load of 50 Ω or 600 Ω Vpkpk, Vrms or dBm.

Amplitude accuracy

2 % ± 1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 Ω

Amplitude flatness

± 0.2 dB to 200 kHz; ± 1 dB to 10 MHz; ± 2.5 dB to 16 MHz

DC offset range

± 10 V from 50 Ω. Offset plus signal peak limited to ± 10 V

DC offset accuracy

Typically 3 % ± 10 mV, unattenuated

Resolution

3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset

Sync Out – One for each channel

Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following:

Waveform sync (all waveforms)

A square wave with 50 % duty cycle at the main waveform frequency, or a pulse coincident with the first few points of an arbitrary waveform

Position markers

Any point(s) on the waveform may have associated marker bit(s) set high or low

Burst done

Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of a burst.

Sequence sync

Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence.

Trigger

Selects the current trigger signal. Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals.

Sweep sync

Outputs a pulse at the start of sweep to synchronize an oscilloscope or recorder.

Phase lock out

Used to phase lock two generators. Produces a positive edge at the 0 ° phase point.

Output signal level

TTL/CMOS logic levels from typically 50 Ω.

Cursor/marker out

Adjustable output pulse for use as a marker in sweep mode or as a cursor in arbitrary waveform editing mode. Can be used to modulate the Z axis of an oscilloscope or be displayed on a second ‘scope channel.

Output Signal Level: Adjustable from nominally 2 V to 14 V, normal or inverted; adjustable width as a cursor.

Output impedance

600 Ω typical

Inputs

Trig In

Frequency range

DC to 1 MHz

Signal range

Threshold nominally TTL level; maximum input ± 10 V

Min. pulse width

50 ns, for Trigger/Gate; 50 us for Sweep mode

Polarity

Selectable as high/rising edge or low/falling edge

Input impedance

10 kΩ

 

Modulation In

Frequency range

DC to 100 kHz

VCA signal range

Approximately 1 V pkpk for 100 % level change at maximum output

SCM signal range

Approximately ± 1 V pk for maximum output

Input impedance

Typically 1 kΩ

 

Sum In

Frequency range

DC to 8 MHz

Signal range

Approximately 2 V pk-pk input for 20 V pk-pk output

Input impedance

Typically 1 kΩ

Hold

Hold

Holds an arbitrary waveform at its current position. A TTL low level or switch closure causes the waveform to stop at the current position and wait until a TTL high level or switch opening which allows the waveform to continue. The front panel MAN HOLD key or remote command may also be used to control the Hold function. While held the front panel MAN TRIG key or remote command may be used to return the waveform to the start. The Hold input may be enabled independently for each channel.

Input impedance

10 kΩ

 

Ref Clock In/Out

Set to input

Input for an external 10 MHz reference clock. TTL/CMOS threshold level.

Set to output

Buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock. Output levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from 50 Ω

Set to phase lock

Used together with SYNC OUT on a master and TRIG IN on a slave to synchronise (phase lock) two separate generators.

Inter-Channel Operation

Inter-Channel Operation

Inter-Channel Modulation

The waveform from any channel may be used to Amplitude Modulate (AM) or Suppressed Carrier Modulate (SCM) the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be Modulated (AM or SCM) with the signal at the MODULATION input socket.

Carrier frequency

Entire range for selected waveform

Carrier waveforms

All standard and arbitrary waveforms

Modulation types: AM

Double sideband with carrier. SCM: Double sideband suppressed carrier

Modulation source

Internal from the previous channel. External from Modulation input socket. The external modulation signal may be applied to any number of channels simultaneously.

Frequency range

DC to > 100 kHz

Internal AM depth

0 % to 105 %.

Internal AM resolution

1 %

Carrier suppression (SCM)

> 40 dB

External modulation signal range

VCA: Approximately 1 V pk-pk for 100 % level change at maximum output

SCM

Approximately ± 1 V pk for max. output

Inter-Channel Analogue Summing

Waveform Summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be summed with the signal at the SUM input socket.

Carrier frequency

Entire range for selected waveform

Carrier waveforms

All standard and arbitrary waveforms

Sum source

Internal from the previous channel. External from SUM IN socket.

Frequency range

DC to > 8 MHz

Ext. signal range

Approx. 5 V pk-pk input for 20 V pk-pk output

Inter-Channel Phase Locking

Two or more channels may be phase locked together. Each locked channel may be assigned a phase angle relative to the other locked channels. Arbitrary waveforms and waveform sequences may be phase locked but certain constraints apply to waveform lengths and clock frequency ratios.

With one channel assigned as the Master and other channels as Slaves a frequency change on the master will be repeated on each slave thus allowing multiphase waveforms at the same frequency to be easily generated. DDS waveforms are those with 7 digits of frequency setting resolution, while Non-DDS waveforms have 4 digits.

Phase resolution Non-DDS waveforms

DDS waveforms: 0.1 degree or 360 degrees/number of points whichever is the greater

Phase error

< ± 10 ns all waveforms

The signals from the REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to phase lock two instruments where more than 4 channels are required.

Inter-Channel Triggering

Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel. The previous/next connections can be used to ‘daisy chain’ a trigger signal from a ‘start’ channel, through a number of channels in the ‘chain’ to an ‘end’ channel. Each channel receives the trigger out signal from the previous (or next) channel, and drives its selected trigger out to the next (or previous) channel.

The ‘end’ channel trigger out can be set up to drive the ‘start’ channel, closing the loop. In this way, complex and versatile interchannel trigger schemes may be set up. Each channel can have its trigger out and its output waveform set up independently. Trigger out may be selected from Waveform End, Position Markers, Sequence Sync or Burst Done.

Using the scheme above it is possible to create a sequence of up to 64 waveform segments, each channel producing up to 16 segments and all channels being summed to produce the complete waveform at the output of channel 4.

 

Interfaces

RS-232

Variable Baud rate, 9600 Baud maximum

IEEE-488

Conforms with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2

Software included

Windows™-based software for waveform creation, editing and management is supplied. Instrument drivers LabView and LabWindows CVI drivers are either supplied with the instrument or are available via your local Fluke office

 

General Specifications

Display

20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD

Data entry

Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.; value entry direct by numeric keys or by rotary control

Stored settings

Up to 9 complete instrument setups may be stored and recalled from battery-backed memory.

Up to 100 arbitrary waveforms can also be stored independent of the instrument settings.

Size

130 mm (3 U) height; 335 mm long; width 350 mm (282/284), 212 mm (281)

Weight

7.2 kg. (16 lb) (282/284); 4.1 kg (9 lb) (281)

Power

230 V, 115 V or 100 V nominal 50/60 Hz, adjustable internally; operating range ± 14 % of nominal;100 VA max. for 4 channels, 75 VA max. for 2 channel, 40 VA max. for 1 channel. Installation Category II.

Operating range

+5 °C to 40 °C, 20-80 % RH

Storage range

–20 °C to + 60 °C

Environmental

Indoor use at altitudes to 2000 m, Pollution Degree 2

Options

19-in rack mounting kit

Safety

Complies with EN61010-1

EMC

Complies with EN61326

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